Emergency Contraception in Nigeria: Timing, Options, and What to Expect

Reviewed by: Amela Pharmacy team, Uyo Last updated: 3 Feb 2026

The rainy bus stop is packed, and someone is whispering, “Please, what can I use now?” It’s a small moment, but it happens more than you’d think.

If you’ve had unprotected sex or a method failed, emergency contraception (EC) can help prevent pregnancy. The key is timing, and knowing which options exist. This guide keeps it simple, calm, and practical.

Emergency contraception in plain terms

Emergency contraception is a way to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex or when a method fails (like a condom tearing or missing pills). It works mainly by delaying ovulation or preventing fertilisation. It does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and it won’t fix a method that fails repeatedly—so think of it as a backup, not a routine plan.

Why timing is the biggest deal

EC works best the sooner you use it. There is a window of up to 3–5 days, depending on the method, but earlier is better. If you’re unsure what you can use, speak to a pharmacist or a qualified health worker quickly rather than waiting “to see.”

Options you may hear about in Nigeria

In Nigeria, availability can differ by area and provider, but the options below are the main categories you should know.

1) Copper IUD (intrauterine device)

This is a small device placed by a trained health professional. It can be used as emergency contraception if inserted within 5 days of unprotected sex. It is the most effective option and can also stay in place as long-term contraception if you choose.

2) Emergency contraceptive pills

These are tablets taken after unprotected sex. The two main types are:

• Levonorgestrel-based pills, which are usually taken within 3 days (72 hours).
• Ulipristal acetate, which can be taken within 5 days (120 hours).

There is also an older combined-pill method (sometimes called the Yuzpe method). It can work but tends to cause more nausea and is usually less preferred.

A pharmacist can help you choose what fits the time window you’re in and what’s available locally.

What to expect after taking EC

Most people feel fine, but some short-term side effects can happen. These are usually mild and pass within a couple of days.

Common experiences include:

• Mild nausea or stomach upset
• Tiredness or headache
• Light spotting or a heavier next period
• Breasts feeling tender

Your next period may come a bit earlier or later than usual. That can be normal after EC.

Here’s a small real-life moment: A customer once said she thought EC “reset” everything, so she ignored her usual pill for a week. Two weeks later, she was confused about late bleeding. It wasn’t dangerous, but a quick chat saved her a lot of worry.

A practical checklist before you leave the pharmacy

Use this quick checklist to guide what to do next:

• Confirm the time since unprotected sex to choose the right option.
• Ask what to expect with your next period (earlier, later, or heavier).
• Ask what to do if you vomit soon after taking the pill.
• Plan what ongoing contraception you’ll use going forward.
• Remember: EC does not protect against STIs, so consider testing if you’re at risk.

When to seek urgent help

Most people don’t need urgent care after EC, but these signs should never be ignored:

• Severe lower abdominal pain, especially if it’s one-sided
• Fainting, severe dizziness, or shoulder pain
• Heavy bleeding that soaks through pads quickly and doesn’t slow
• Fever with pelvic pain or foul-smelling discharge

If any of these happen, seek urgent medical care promptly.

Small things that make EC work better

You can’t change the clock, but you can help yourself by acting fast. Don’t wait for a “perfect” time. If you can reach a pharmacy early, do it. If a clinic is needed for a copper IUD, call ahead if possible. A little speed goes a long way.

Also, if you’re on regular contraception, ask for a quick refresher on how to use it correctly. That single conversation can save you repeat emergencies.

A short disclaimer

This article is for general health education and does not replace medical advice. For personal guidance, please speak with a pharmacist or qualified health professional. If you are worried or unwell, seek professional care immediately.

Sources & further reading

• WHO – Emergency contraception fact sheet
• CDC – Emergency contraception guidance
• NHS – Emergency contraception overview

A little clarity can reduce a lot of anxiety, and you deserve both.