Folic Acid Before and Early Pregnancy in Nigeria: A Simple, Clear Guide

Small moment, big impact: that first positive test, the quiet smile, and the immediate question of what next. As a pharmacist in Nigeria, this is one of the most common early pregnancy conversations I have, and the first step is usually simple: start folic acid.

Reviewed by: Amela Pharmacy team, Uyo Last updated: 30 Jan 2026

Why folic acid matters so early

Folic acid is a B vitamin that supports healthy development of your baby's brain and spine. The key part is timing: this development happens very early, often before many women even realise they are pregnant.

That is why women who are trying to conceive, or who could become pregnant, are advised to start folic acid before pregnancy. Starting early helps reduce the risk of neural tube defects.

The usual dose: simple and steady

For most women, the standard dose is:

• 400 micrograms (mcg) once daily

Try to start about 3 months before pregnancy and continue through the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.

If pregnancy has already started and you have not been taking it, start now. Late is still better than never.

When a higher dose may be needed

Some women need a higher dose, usually 5 mg daily, but only on a clinician's advice. This is for people with higher risk, not for everyone.

Common reasons include:

• A previous pregnancy affected by a neural tube defect
• You or your partner has a history of neural tube defects
• Certain long-term conditions or medicines that affect folate levels

If any of these apply to you, speak with your doctor or pharmacist before changing dose.

Good food helps, but the tablet is your safety net

Our Nigerian meals can be rich in folate, especially with leafy vegetables, beans, and fruits. That is excellent for general health.

Still, in early pregnancy, food alone may not reliably give the protective amount needed every day. Think of folic acid tablets as a small daily backup plan.

Practical checklist for daily use

Use this quick checklist to stay on track:

• Take folic acid 400 mcg once daily if trying to conceive
• Continue daily through at least the first 12 weeks of pregnancy
• If you started late, begin immediately and keep going
• Check the label clearly says folic acid 400 mcg
• If choosing a multivitamin, avoid products with vitamin A as retinol in pregnancy unless a clinician prescribed it
• Keep your tablets where you will see them, like near your toothbrush or kettle
• Set a daily phone reminder so you do not miss doses
• Ask a pharmacist or doctor if you might need 5 mg instead of 400 mcg

Possible side effects

Folic acid is usually well tolerated at recommended doses. Some women notice mild nausea, bloating, or an odd taste, but many have no side effects.

If your stomach feels unsettled, take it with food or at a different time of day. If symptoms are persistent or worrying, check in with a healthcare professional.

Common questions

Can I continue after 12 weeks? Yes, some women continue later in pregnancy, especially where there is anaemia risk. Your antenatal clinician can guide what is right for you.

Is folate the same as folic acid? Folate is the natural form found in food. Folic acid is the supplement form commonly used for prevention.

Can men take folic acid? It is generally safe, but the key routine recommendation is for women who could become pregnant.

When to seek urgent help

Folic acid is preventive, but some pregnancy symptoms need urgent care. Go to a hospital urgently if you have:

• Heavy vaginal bleeding or passing clots
• Severe abdominal pain, especially one-sided pain
• Fainting, severe dizziness, or difficulty breathing
• Fever with chills or severe weakness
• Persistent vomiting and inability to keep fluids down

Short disclaimer

This article is for general health information and does not replace medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For personal guidance, speak with a qualified doctor, pharmacist, or antenatal care provider.

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