Folic Acid Before and Early Pregnancy in Nigeria: A Simple, Clear Guide

Small moment, big impact: that first pregnancy test, the quiet smile, the quick search for “what next.” One of the earliest steps is also one of the simplest—folic acid.

Reviewed by: Amela Pharmacy team, Uyo Last updated: 30 Jan 2026

What folic acid does (and why timing matters)

Folic acid is a B vitamin that helps build your baby’s brain and spine in the very early weeks of pregnancy—often before you even feel pregnant. That’s why timing matters more than perfection.

If you’re trying to conceive—or there’s a chance you might—starting early helps reduce the risk of neural tube defects (problems with how the baby’s brain or spine forms).

The usual dose: simple and steady

Most people need the standard dose:

• 400 micrograms (mcg) once daily

This is the typical recommendation for women who could become pregnant. It’s small, affordable, and widely available. Starting about 3 months before pregnancy is ideal, then continue through the first 12 weeks.

If you didn’t start before pregnancy, start as soon as you find out. Late is still better than never.

When a higher dose may be recommended

Some people need a higher dose (often 5 mg) because they have a higher risk of neural tube defects. This isn’t for everyone and should be recommended by a clinician.

Common reasons include:

• A previous pregnancy affected by a neural tube defect
• You or the baby’s father has a neural tube defect
• Certain medical conditions or medicines that affect folate

If any of these apply, ask your healthcare provider before changing your dose.

“But I eat well already” — do I still need it?

Food helps, but it’s hard to get enough folate from diet alone in early pregnancy. In Nigeria, our meals can be rich in greens and beans, yet the recommended amount for pregnancy is still easiest to meet with a daily supplement.

Think of it like this: diet is the base, the tablet is the safety net.

A tiny real-life scene

At the pharmacy counter, a woman in a soft headscarf holds a crumpled note and whispers, “I just found out.” She’s already had breakfast—bread and tea from the kiosk outside. We add one small tablet to her plan, and suddenly the day feels more ordered.

Practical checklist: getting folic acid right

• Start 400 mcg daily when trying to conceive, and continue to 12 weeks
• If you started late, begin now and keep going
• Choose a supplement that clearly says “folic acid 400 mcg”
• If it’s a multivitamin, check that it doesn’t contain vitamin A (retinol)
• Keep it by your toothbrush or kettle so you remember
• Ask a pharmacist or clinician if you need a higher dose

What about side effects?

Folic acid is generally well tolerated at recommended doses. Some people notice mild nausea or a strange taste, but most take it without any issues. If a supplement upsets your stomach, try taking it with food or at a different time of day.

Common questions, quick answers

Can I take folic acid after 12 weeks? Yes. Some people continue through pregnancy, especially if they’re anaemic or at risk of anaemia. Your clinician can guide this.

Is folate the same as folic acid? Folate is the natural form found in food. Folic acid is the supplement form that has the most evidence for preventing neural tube defects.

Can men take folic acid too? It won’t harm, but the key recommendation is for women who could become pregnant.

When to seek urgent help

Folic acid is about prevention, but pregnancy itself can bring symptoms that should never be ignored. Seek urgent care if you have:

• Heavy bleeding or passing clots
• Severe abdominal pain or one‑sided pelvic pain
• Fainting, severe dizziness, or shortness of breath
• Fever with chills or severe weakness
• Persistent vomiting that prevents you from keeping fluids down

The short disclaimer

This article is for general health information and does not replace professional medical advice. If you are pregnant or planning a pregnancy, please speak with a qualified healthcare professional for personalised care.

Sources & further reading

• NHS: How and when to take folic acid
• NHS: Vitamins, supplements and nutrition in pregnancy
• CDC: About folic acid

If you’re unsure where to start, a simple daily tablet and a quick chat with a pharmacist can make the plan feel easy.