Whey protein concentrates
Whey Protein concentrates (WPC) are an important group of whey-based food ingredients. They are used in confectionery products, cereal and nutrition bars, processed cheeses, baked goods, sport beverages and muscle gain formulations. WPC powders with protein contents in the range 35–65% can be produced by ultrafiltration (UF) which removes lactose, minerals and non-protein nitrogen (NPN), leaving the whey proteins to be spray-dried. WPC powders with protein contents as high as 90% can be made by means of defiltration, where whey proteins retentate in UF processing is diluted with water to wash out almost all of the lactose and minerals.